If you want to see some rousing volcanic activity, just check out the current live feed from Kīlauea. You might want to sit down first.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tk0tfYDxrUA #science #nature #volcano

RE: https://mastodon.social/@sundogplanets/116079450649446984

@EUCommission What does the #EU do against the real threat of #spaceDebris and #space #pollution by US corporations like #SpaceX & Co? The space is not a military room, it is at first nature and our vulnerable atmosphere! We only have this one planet!

https://mastodon.online/@sundogplanets@mastodon.social/116079450784889577

#astronomy #science

If you want to see some rousing volcanic activity, just check out the current live feed from Kīlauea. You might want to sit down first.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tk0tfYDxrUA #science #nature #volcano

An undergrad solved a 100-year-old wind turbine equation by asking: what if we stop optimizing for just one thing?

Glauert (1935) maximized power output. Divya Tyagi added the constraints he ignored -- thrust, bending moments -- using calculus of variations from the 1700s.

Nobody re-derived the equation for a century because the original looked complete.

Hardcoded assumptions hide in plain sight.

#mathematics #engineering #science

Yes, you may be killed by falling human made space junk, but the odds remain small(ish) that will occur. The (almost inevitable) #KesslerSyndrome may also prevent future #space flights if all those #satellites in Low Earth Orbit start colliding, creating countless debris.

However, we *ALL* have to worry about the ‘chemical problem’ being created by SpaceX et al in the upper atmosphere. I have been banging on about this for a while and the attached article summarises the science in an easy to understand way - I have pasted the bit about the ‘chemical problem’ below because we *ALL* need to understand what the billionaires are doing to the planet while we are watching.

—————
Quote:

Debris on the ground attracts immediate attention, but atmospheric scientists are tracking a slower process with potentially larger consequences. When satellites vaporize in the mesosphere, 50 to 80 kilometers above Earth, they release clouds of vaporized metals that condense into aerosol particles. Those particles descend into the stratosphere, where Earth’s protective ozone layer resides.

Aluminum is the element of greatest concern. Upon reentry, aluminum oxidizes into aluminum oxide nanoparticles. A single 250 kilogram satellite generates roughly 30 kilograms of these particles. Unlike chlorofluorocarbons, which directly destroy ozone, aluminum oxide acts as a catalyst. One particle can facilitate chemical reactions that destroy thousands of ozone molecules over decades without being consumed.

Researchers from the University of Southern California’s Department of Astronautical Engineering documented an eightfold increase in atmospheric aluminum oxides between 2016 and 2022, directly correlating with the proliferation of satellite constellations, a finding reported in detail by CNET. In 2022 alone, reentering satellites released an estimated 41.7 metric tons of aluminum, approximately 30 percent more than the natural input from micrometeoroids.

Projections based on current deployment schedules suggest annual aluminum oxide emissions could reach 360 metric tons, a 646 percent increase over natural background levels, according to research highlighted by Popular Mechanics. Because these particles take 20 to 30 years to descend into the ozone layer, the atmospheric chemistry of today’s satellite fleet will not manifest as measurable ozone loss until the 2040s. By then, the upper atmosphere could already be saturated with catalysts.

NASA high altitude sampling flights over Alaska in 2023 detected the signature of this process. At approximately 60,000 feet, instruments found that 10 percent of stratospheric sulfuric acid particles larger than 120 nanometers contained aluminum and other metals traceable to spacecraft reentries, according to data presented at the American Astronomical Society meeting that year. The atmosphere now bears a permanent chemical marker of human activity in space.
—————
#space #science #TheBillionairesAreKillingUsAll

https://indiandefencereview.com/starlink-satellites-falling-nonstop-to-earth-risk/

Yes, you may be killed by falling human made space junk, but the odds remain small(ish) that will occur. The (almost inevitable) #KesslerSyndrome may also prevent future #space flights if all those #satellites in Low Earth Orbit start colliding, creating countless debris.

However, we *ALL* have to worry about the ‘chemical problem’ being created by SpaceX et al in the upper atmosphere. I have been banging on about this for a while and the attached article summarises the science in an easy to understand way - I have pasted the bit about the ‘chemical problem’ below because we *ALL* need to understand what the billionaires are doing to the planet while we are watching.

—————
Quote:

Debris on the ground attracts immediate attention, but atmospheric scientists are tracking a slower process with potentially larger consequences. When satellites vaporize in the mesosphere, 50 to 80 kilometers above Earth, they release clouds of vaporized metals that condense into aerosol particles. Those particles descend into the stratosphere, where Earth’s protective ozone layer resides.

Aluminum is the element of greatest concern. Upon reentry, aluminum oxidizes into aluminum oxide nanoparticles. A single 250 kilogram satellite generates roughly 30 kilograms of these particles. Unlike chlorofluorocarbons, which directly destroy ozone, aluminum oxide acts as a catalyst. One particle can facilitate chemical reactions that destroy thousands of ozone molecules over decades without being consumed.

Researchers from the University of Southern California’s Department of Astronautical Engineering documented an eightfold increase in atmospheric aluminum oxides between 2016 and 2022, directly correlating with the proliferation of satellite constellations, a finding reported in detail by CNET. In 2022 alone, reentering satellites released an estimated 41.7 metric tons of aluminum, approximately 30 percent more than the natural input from micrometeoroids.

Projections based on current deployment schedules suggest annual aluminum oxide emissions could reach 360 metric tons, a 646 percent increase over natural background levels, according to research highlighted by Popular Mechanics. Because these particles take 20 to 30 years to descend into the ozone layer, the atmospheric chemistry of today’s satellite fleet will not manifest as measurable ozone loss until the 2040s. By then, the upper atmosphere could already be saturated with catalysts.

NASA high altitude sampling flights over Alaska in 2023 detected the signature of this process. At approximately 60,000 feet, instruments found that 10 percent of stratospheric sulfuric acid particles larger than 120 nanometers contained aluminum and other metals traceable to spacecraft reentries, according to data presented at the American Astronomical Society meeting that year. The atmosphere now bears a permanent chemical marker of human activity in space.
—————
#space #science #TheBillionairesAreKillingUsAll

https://indiandefencereview.com/starlink-satellites-falling-nonstop-to-earth-risk/

On this day in 1990, the Voyager 1 space probe took a photo of our planet from approximately 6 billion kilometers (3.7 billion miles) away.

"Commissioned by NASA and resulting from the advocacy of astronomer and author Carl Sagan, the photograph was interpreted in Sagan's 1994 book, Pale Blue Dot, as representing humanity's minuscule and ephemeral place amidst the cosmos."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot

Image via https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51491471

#OnThisDay #OTD #history #space #science #nasa #PaleBlueDot #humanity

I ♥️ NPR

so I am sharing their donation page to invite everyone to contribute what they can to help them continue their journalism!

https://contribute.npr.org/secure/stand-public-media-npr?utm_source=eblast&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=FBBDAYNPR1&cid=701PV00002sP0G3YAK

@npr

This is my birthday wish ' title=':)
' class='emoji' src='https://api.iconify.design/)
/ablobcatheartsqueeze.svg' />

#us #uspol #USA #news #journalism #democracy #npr #politics #international #socialmedia #science #health

They can hide, censor, and deny #climate change science but that doesn't change the #science.
They can try to repeal the #Endangerment Finding but that doesn't change the danger.
Reality will always win and history will never forget what they're doing and who is doing it.

I ♥️ NPR

so I am sharing their donation page to invite everyone to contribute what they can to help them continue their journalism!

https://contribute.npr.org/secure/stand-public-media-npr?utm_source=eblast&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=FBBDAYNPR1&cid=701PV00002sP0G3YAK

@npr

This is my birthday wish ' title=':)
' class='emoji' src='https://api.iconify.design/)
/ablobcatheartsqueeze.svg' />

#us #uspol #USA #news #journalism #democracy #npr #politics #international #socialmedia #science #health

Someone has to explain to me slowly why, if satellites are a 70-year old technology, companies have only decided to heavily invest on them (e.g. Starlink, Amazon LEO...) in the last decade. Is there a scientific, regulatory, economic or political development that has made this easier, cheaper or profitable now?

#ESA #Ariane6 #ArianeSpace #Europe #AmazonLEO #LEO #EU #Space #science #VA267 #starlink #spacex #amazon

Completly misunderstanding how society works is what tech bros do best! 😂

@bookstodon @books @joinin
@worldbuilding @[email protected] @[email protected] @[email protected] @aiop

#Tech #Bro #Dystopian
#SpeculativeFiction #FantasyBooks
#FantasyMemes #SciFiMemes #Fantasy #SciFi #Meme #Memes #Humor #Humour #Funny
#Low #High #Epic #Science #Opera #Hard #CottageCore #SolarPunk #Comedic #Whatever #GiveMeAllYouveGot
#Book #Books #Novel #Novels #Bookstodon #Bookworm #Bookwyrm #BookLove

They can hide, censor, and deny #climate change science but that doesn't change the #science.
They can try to repeal the #Endangerment Finding but that doesn't change the danger.
Reality will always win and history will never forget what they're doing and who is doing it.

Someone has to explain to me slowly why, if satellites are a 70-year old technology, companies have only decided to heavily invest on them (e.g. Starlink, Amazon LEO...) in the last decade. Is there a scientific, regulatory, economic or political development that has made this easier, cheaper or profitable now?

#ESA #Ariane6 #ArianeSpace #Europe #AmazonLEO #LEO #EU #Space #science #VA267 #starlink #spacex #amazon

Completly misunderstanding how society works is what tech bros do best! 😂

@bookstodon @books @joinin
@worldbuilding @[email protected] @[email protected] @[email protected] @aiop

#Tech #Bro #Dystopian
#SpeculativeFiction #FantasyBooks
#FantasyMemes #SciFiMemes #Fantasy #SciFi #Meme #Memes #Humor #Humour #Funny
#Low #High #Epic #Science #Opera #Hard #CottageCore #SolarPunk #Comedic #Whatever #GiveMeAllYouveGot
#Book #Books #Novel #Novels #Bookstodon #Bookworm #Bookwyrm #BookLove

Ten years ago today, physicists reported the first direct detection of gravitational waves, produced by colliding black holes 1.3 billion light years away.

That was when we, as a species, developed space-time eyes. My Invisible Universe column:

https://invisibleuniverse.substack.com/p/the-day-we-evolved-space-time-eyes #space #science #nature #technology